Exrcise W2

1.Topik sentence
The way of how to change the atmosphere of dormitory.
Supporting idea:
Pictures or poster on the wall make a dormitory room feel more like home.A rug on the floor
beside the bed is a nice addition to an otherwise cold and hard floor besides textbooks,favorite
books from home on the bookshelf and a potograph or two of the family on the desk add a
comforting touch to the impersonal dormitory room.
2.Topik sentence:
The several kinds of pages which were used by people of America
Supporting idea:
The white pages of an America telephone book give the phone numbers of residence .
the blue pages contain the numbers of goverment offices and yellow pages have
advertisements and and business numbers.There maps as well as indexes at the back of book
Telephone book langer cities my provide separate books for different sections of the city.While
those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book
3.Topic Sentence:
Some Advantages of the existing of fast-food restaurant
Supporting idea:
First The fast-food restaurant is good for people who must have a quick bite because of a
busy schedule .Second,the food is inexpensive yet tasty.A person can eat in enjoyable meal out
and stay within a limited budget .Finally ,the food is ussually consistent.For example,a cheese
burger from a well known fast-food restaurant looks and tastes about the same matter no
matter where the world it is purchased.Consequently,buyer know exactly what they are
getting

The Characteristic My Family

My Family is a family that is full of love and peace.There are my Father,mother,and two sisters.I am The oldest child and have a big role in my family.I have to be an example to my sisters.My parents are very strict and discipline.We of course are bataknese.My parents always give me advices.For instance,I have to go home on time and not allowed to go outside with peoples who do bad things.They love me so much.My first sister has good personality kaits.She is very strict and big self-confidence and full of commitment.She cares about and support me .The other one is different with my first sister.She is still young.I think that is a pictue of My family .I am very proud of having such a family like that.I still believe That God really can change My Familiy.
Thank you for all readers......
God Bless You

exercise 3(bahasa inggrs bisnis)

Topic sentence :
even though the procedures followed to enroll in an American university vary according to each university,some steps are the some
Supporting ideas:
Steps that have to be followed by people who wants to enroll in an American University are relatively some with others university located outside American .They are,firstly,taking a toefl test and minimally having a compotence to speak english well

exercise 1(Bahasa inggris bisnis)

1.large car
My son sent a large car to me,the reason for going to dufan yesterday
2.living in remote area
Everybody living in a remote area,the causes of they can avoid pollution of air,water,and soil.
3.studying abroad
We can studying abroad by free this is advantages of scholarship.
4.Accident
Everyone can avoid the accident by obeying the traffic's rules that is the step for avoid the
accident.
5.absenteeism
The problem of university student can not graduate is absenteeism.
6.talking exams
The characteristic of students is talking exam for getting score.
7.airpots
I will go to the airpots nextmonth the reason for studying to canada.
8.computers
The advantages of computer is help everyone for doing their homework easily.
9.rice
The characteristic of indnesian's people is eating a rice.
10.camping
Gunadarma university usually go to camping the reason for for improve their knowledge about
nature..

KOMPRESI AUDIO/VIDEO

Kompresi audio/video adalah salah satu bentuk kompresi data yang
bertujuan untuk mengecilkan ukuran file audio/video dengan metode
• Lossy 샆 format : Vorbis, MP3;
• Loseless 샆 format : FLAC; pengguna : audio engineer, audiophiles
Kompresi dilakukan pada saat pembuatan file audio/video dan pada saat
distribusi file audio/video tersebut!
Kendala kompresi audio:
• Perkembangan sound recording yang cepat dan beranekaragam
• Nilai dari audio sample berubah dengan cepat
Losless audio codec tidak mempunyai masalah dalam kualitas suara,
penggunaannya dapat difokuskan pada:
• Kecepatan kompresi dan dekompresi
• Derajat kompresi
• Dukungan hardware dan software
Lossy audio codec penggunaannya difokuskan pada:
• Kualitas audio
• Faktor kompresi
• Kecepatan kompresi dan dekompresi
• Inherent latency of algorithm (penting bagi real-time streaming)
• Dukungan hardware dan software
Metode Kompresi Audio
-Metode Transformasi
o Menggunakan algoritma seperti MDCT (Modified Discreate
Cosine Transform) untuk mengkonversikan gelombang bunyi ke
dalam sinyal digital agar tetap dapat didengar oleh manusia (20
Hz s/d 20kHz) , yaitu menjadi frekuensi 2 s/d 4kHz dan 96 dB.
-Metode Waktu
o Menggunakan LPC (Linier Predictive Coding) yaitu digunakan
untuk speech (pidato), dimana LPC akan menyesuaikan sinyal
data pada suara manusia, kemudian mengirimkannya ke
pendengar. Jadi seperti layaknya komputer yang berbicara
dengan bahasa manusia dengan kecepatan 2,4 kbps
Teknik kompresi audio dengan format MPEG (Moving Picture Expert
Group)
-MPEG-1 menggunakan bandwidth 1,5 Mbits/sec untuk audio dan video,
dimana 1,2 Mbits/sec digunakan untuk video sedangkan 0,3 Mbits/sec
digunakan untuk audio.
Nilai 0,3 Mbits/sec ini lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan bandwidth yang
dibutuhkan oleh CD Audio yang tidak terkompres sebesar 44100
samples/sec x 16 bits/sample * 2 channel > 1,4 Mbits/sec yang hanya
terdiri dari suara saja.
-Untuk ratio kompresi 6:1 untuk 16 bit stereo dengan frekuensi 48kHz
dan bitrate 256 kbps CBR akan menghasilkan ukuran file terkompresi
kira-kira 12.763 KB, sedangkan ukuran file tidak terkompresinya adalah
75.576 KB
-MPEG-1 audio mendukung frekuensi dari 8kHz, 11kHz, 12kHz, 16kHz,
22kHz, 24 kHz, 32 kHz, 44kHz, dan 48 kHz. Juga mampu bekerja pada
mode mono (single audio channel), dual audio channel, stereo, dan
joint-stereo
Algoritma MPEG Audio
-Menggunakan filter untuk membagi sinyal audio: misalnya pada 48 kHz,
suara dibagi menjadi 32 subband frekuensi.
-Memberikan pembatas pada masing-masing frekuensi yang telah
dibagi-bagi, jika tidak akan terjadi intermodulasi (tabrakan frekuensi)
-Jika sinyal suara terlalu rendah, maka tidak dilakukan encode pada
sinyal suara tersebut
-Diberikan bit parity yang digunakan untuk mengecek apakah data
tersebut rusak atau tidak (yang mungkin disebabkan oleh gangguan /
noise), apabila rusak, maka bit tersebut akan digantikan bit yang
jenisnya sama dengan bit terdekatnya.
Kompresi Audio MP3 -Asal-usul MP3 dimulai dari penelitian IIS-FHG (Institut Integriette Schaltungen-Fraunhofer Gesellschaft), sebuah lembaga penelitian terapan di Munich, Jerman dalam penelitian coding audio perceptual. -Penelitian tersebut menghasilkan suatu algoritma yang menjadi standard sebagai ISO-MPEG Audio Layer-3 (MP3) Input Filter in critical bands Allocate bits Compute Masking Format bitstream Output